Fraud / criminal
Following the money trail
“We trace the funds from the victim’s wallet to the receiving exchanges, the basis for the criminal complaint and for seeking a freeze.”
Crypto Forensic Expert Report
We prepare the forensic expert report your case needs: on-chain traceability of the transactions, identification of wallets and exchanges, chain of custody and ratification before the court under Article 335 of the Civil Procedure Act (LEC). Valid as evidence in fraud, divorce, inheritance and tax-request cases.
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- Expert opinion
- LEC Art. 335
- Criminal fraud
- Criminal Code Art. 248
- From incident to expert opinion
- 10 steps
Services
What a crypto forensic report includes
Six workstreams to turn on-chain activity into solid evidence: analysis, traceability, chain of custody, valuation and defense of the report at trial.
Forensic
On-chain traceability expert report
We reconstruct the flow of funds between wallets, identify the receiving exchanges and document every hop with a reproducible, verifiable methodology.
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On-chainWalletsExchangesFlows
Chain of custody
Evidence acquisition and custody
We capture and seal the digital evidence (hashes, screenshots, exports) under a chain of custody so that the evidence is not open to challenge.
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HashSealingIntegrity
Court
Ratification before the court
The expert defends the report in court, answers the opposing party and explains the methodology with technical rigor (LEC Art. 335 et seq.).
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HearingDefense
Identification
Attribution of wallets and counterparties
We link addresses to services and, where possible, to identifiable counterparties, drawing on Travel Rule and exchange data.
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AttributionData
Valuation
Valuation and quantification of loss
We quantify amounts at the relevant date (purchase, fraud, separation, death) using valuation sources and criteria that hold up in court.
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AmountsDates
Source
Source and destination of funds
We connect the expert report with the lawful or unlawful source of the funds and their entry into or exit from the banking system, which is useful in fraud cases and asset disputes.
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SourceDestination
Use cases
When you need a crypto expert report
A crypto forensic expert report serves as evidence in very different proceedings: criminal, family, inheritance or tax.
Divorce
Crypto hidden in the property division
“We locate and value undeclared crypto-assets in family proceedings for a fair division of community property.”
Inheritance
Crypto in an estate
“We identify and value the deceased’s crypto-assets for the inventory, the partition and the taxation of the estate.”
Tax Agency
Support with tax authority requests
“The expert report backs up the source and traceability of the funds in tax verification procedures and audits.”
Why it matters
Without an expert report, crypto evidence falls apart
Blockchain activity is public, but presenting it as evidence without a methodology or chain of custody leaves it easy to challenge. A rigorous expert report is what makes it stand up before the judge.
Evidence open to challenge: loose screenshots without a hash or chain of custody lose evidentiary value against the opposing party.
Weak attribution: a wallet is not a person; without an attribution methodology, the link will be disputed.
Disputed valuation: without a clear date and source, the amount of the loss or of the asset is easily rebutted.
LEC · Art. 335
Expert evidence
An expert opinion requires objectivity and, where applicable, ratification and defense at the oral hearing.
Criminal Code · Art. 248 et seq.
Fraud
In criminal cases, the expert report supports the deception, the transfer of assets and the trail of the funds.
Timing
The clock is ticking
The sooner the on-chain evidence and the exchange data are captured, the better the chances of identifying those involved and taking action.
Need a crypto forensic report that holds up in court?
We prepare the forensic expert report with on-chain traceability, chain of custody and ratification in court, ready for fraud, family, inheritance or tax-request cases.
Frequently asked questions
Crypto forensic reports: common questions
What is a crypto forensic expert report?
It is a forensic expert report that analyzes on-chain activity (transactions, wallets, exchanges) using a technical methodology and presents it as evidence in proceedings. It includes traceability, chain of custody, valuation and, if required, ratification before the court.
What cases is it used for?
Many more than fraud:
- Fraud and fraudulent investments (criminal)
- Divorce: crypto hidden in the division of community property
- Inheritance: inventory and valuation of crypto-assets
- Spanish Tax Agency requests and audits
Is it valid as evidence at trial?
Yes. An expert opinion is a means of evidence provided for in Articles 335 et seq. of the Civil Procedure Act (LEC). Its weight depends on the methodological rigor, the chain of custody of the evidence and the expert being able to ratify and defend it at the hearing if the opposing party requests it.
Can the person behind a wallet be identified?
Not always directly. An address is not the same as a person, but it can be attributed by following the trail to exchanges (which do know their customers), Travel Rule data and other indicators. Final identification usually requires a court order to the exchange.
Does the expert report guarantee getting the money back?
No. The expert report does not recover funds by itself: it is the technical evidence that supports the criminal complaint, the claim and, where applicable, the freeze at the receiving exchange. Be wary of anyone promising guaranteed recovery; it is often a second fraud (recovery scam).
How long does it take and what do you need?
It depends on the volume of transactions and the number of hops to analyze. To start, we need the addresses or hashes of the transactions, the exchange statements and any evidence (emails, contracts, screenshots). The sooner it is captured, the better.
Can it also be used with the Tax Agency or in my defense?
Yes. The same report that proves a fraud can be used to prove the source and traceability of your funds in response to a tax authority request, or as evidence in your defense. Traceability works both ways.
What is the difference between an expert report and traceability?
Traceability is the analysis of the path of the funds; the expert report is the complete expert document that incorporates that traceability, the chain of custody, the valuation and the expert’s signature so that it has evidentiary value in proceedings.
Practical guide
How to build a solid crypto forensic report
A good expert report is not about “looking at the blockchain”: it means capturing evidence with a chain of custody, tracing the funds methodically, attributing, valuing and being able to defend it before the judge. The key is rigor at every step.
First, preserve
Before analyzing, the evidence must be captured and sealed (hashes, exports, screenshots) with a chain of custody. If the evidence is not properly preserved, everything else becomes open to challenge.
Trace with sound judgment
The flow of funds is reconstructed hop by hop, identifying receiving services and exchanges with a reproducible methodology that any expert can verify.
Stand by it at trial
The report is written to be understood by the court and is ratified at the hearing. An expert opinion that the expert cannot defend loses its evidentiary value.
From incident to expert opinion: the crypto forensic report in 10 steps
- Gather all the evidence: addresses, transaction hashes, exchange statements and communications.
- Capture and seal the digital evidence with a chain of custody (hash, date, integrity).
- Define the scope of the expert report and the questions it must answer for the proceedings.
- Reconstruct the on-chain flow of funds, hop by hop, up to the entry/exit points.
- Identify the receiving wallets, services and exchanges, using attribution criteria.
- Value the amounts at the relevant dates using reliable valuation sources.
- Cross-check the on-chain information with off-chain data (KYC, Travel Rule, contracts).
- Draft the expert report with methodology, conclusions and technical caveats.
- File the expert opinion in the proceedings (criminal complaint, statement of claim, statement of defense or response to a request).
- Ratify and defend the report in court if the opposing party requests it.
Is your case already underway? See the traceability report or how to prove the source of your crypto.
The expert report in practice
From blockchain to evidence: how an expert report is put into practice
The blockchain is public, but turning that data into evidence that holds up takes method: preserving the evidence, tracing, attributing, valuing and defending. This panel shows how it is done in practice.
1) EvidencePreserve the evidence
We capture and seal digital evidence with hashes and a chain of custody so that the evidence stays intact and is as hard to challenge as possible.
- Hashing and sealing
- Chain of custody
- Integrity
2) TraceabilityTrace the flow of funds
We reconstruct the path hop by hop, identifying receiving services and exchanges with a reproducible methodology.
- On-chain path
- Receiving exchanges
- Verifiable method
3) AttributionAttribute and value
We link addresses to services and counterparties where possible, and value the amounts at the relevant dates of the case.
- Wallet attribution
- Valuation by date
- Loss quantification
4) Expert opinionExpert report and ratification
We draft the expert opinion with methodology, conclusions and technical caveats, and defend it at the hearing under LEC Art. 335 et seq.
Tip: an expert report is only as good as its defense. If the expert cannot ratify the report and stand by the methodology before the judge, the evidence loses weight.
Quick decisionWhich expert report do you need for your case?
Fraud
Traceability to exchanges + attribution + support for the criminal complaint and the freeze.
Family / inheritance
Locating and valuing crypto-assets for the property division or the estate inventory.
Tax Agency
Traceability and source of funds as evidence in response to the request.
Forensic playbook
What each phase of the expert report requires
Preservation
Capture and sealing of digital evidence with a chain of custody.
Hashes, exports, screenshots with date and integrity.
Traceability
Reconstruction of the flow of funds up to the entry/exit points.
Transaction graph and identified receiving exchanges.
Attribution
Linking addresses to services and, where possible, counterparties.
KYC/Travel Rule data and documented technical indicators.
Valuation
Quantification of amounts at the relevant dates of the case.
Valuation sources and criteria that hold up in court.
Ratification
Defense of the report at the hearing and response to the opposing party.
Signed expert report and the expert’s appearance in court (LEC Art. 335).
What sinks a crypto forensic report
Avoiding these mistakes is what separates solid evidence from evidence open to challenge.
- Loose screenshots without a hash or chain of custody.
- Attributing a wallet to a person without a methodology to back it up.
- Valuing without stating the date or the source of the valuation.
- A report that the expert cannot ratify or defend at the hearing.
- Waiting too long: evidence and exchange data get lost.
Working glossary
Key terms in a crypto forensic report
If you are going to submit a crypto forensic expert report as evidence, these terms come up in the report and in the courtroom. Understanding them helps you judge how solid the expert opinion is.
Chain of custodyEvidence
Integrity of the evidence
A record documenting how each piece of digital evidence was obtained, sealed and kept. Without it, the evidence is easy to challenge.
Key: hash, date and traceability of the evidence.
On-chainAnalysis
Data on the blockchain
Public information recorded on the blockchain: transactions, amounts, addresses and timestamps.
The basis for tracing funds.
AttributionIdentity
From wallet to person
The process of linking an address to a service or counterparty. A wallet is not, by itself, an identified person.
Usually requires a formal request to the exchange.
LEC Art. 335Procedural
Expert evidence
Governs expert opinions in civil proceedings: objectivity, submission and, where applicable, ratification at the hearing.
Framework for the report’s validity.
Criminal Code Art. 248Criminal
Criminal fraud
Criminalizes deception for profit that leads to a transfer of assets. The expert report backs up the trail of the funds.
The basis for a criminal complaint in crypto fraud.
HashTechnical
Digital fingerprint
A unique value that identifies a piece of data or a transaction. It makes it possible to prove the integrity of the evidence and to reference transactions.
Evidence: transaction hash and file hash.
Travel RuleData
Transfer data
The obligation for providers to attach originator and beneficiary data, useful for attributing counterparties.
Helps identify the recipient.
ExchangeRecipient
Point of identification
A platform with KYC where funds often end up. It is the point where a court order can reveal the account holder.
A frequent target of the trace.
ValuationAmount
Quantification at a given date
Calculating the value of the crypto-assets at the relevant date (fraud, separation, death) using a defensible source.
Determines the loss or the asset to be divided.
Contact
Book a call
Tell us about your case and the evidence you have, and we will tell you whether an expert report is viable and what it could prove.
Crypto forensic expert report: expert evidence in Spain
A crypto forensic expert report is a forensic expert opinion that analyzes the activity recorded on the blockchain and turns it into evidence in judicial or administrative proceedings. “Looking at the blockchain” is not enough: the value of the expert opinion depends on methodological rigor, on the chain of custody of the evidence and on the expert being able to ratify and defend it.
What the law says about expert evidence
In civil matters, expert opinions are governed by Articles 335 et seq. of the Civil Procedure Act (Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil), which require the expert to be objective and provide for the expert to take part in the hearing to explain and defend the report. In criminal matters, the expert report serves to support elements of the crime of fraud (Articles 248 et seq. of the Criminal Code), such as the deception, the transfer of assets and, above all, the trail of the funds.
Traceability and attribution
The technical core is on-chain traceability: reconstructing the path of the funds between wallets until the entry and exit points are identified, usually exchanges with customer identification (KYC) obligations. Attribution—linking an address to a person—is rarely direct and usually requires a court order to the receiving exchange, supported by Travel Rule data.
Beyond fraud
Crypto forensic reports are not only used in fraud cases. They are common evidence in divorces (crypto-assets hidden in the division of community property), inheritances (inventory and valuation of the estate) and Spanish Tax Agency requests, where traceability serves to prove the source and consistency of the funds.
Realistic expectations
To be clear: the expert report does not recover the money by itself and does not guarantee an outcome. It is the technical basis that supports the criminal complaint, the claim or the freeze at the exchange. Be wary of anyone promising guaranteed recovery: it is often a second fraud known as a recovery scam.